California, United States of America
The following excerpt is from People v. Smith, 57 Cal.App.4th 1470, 67 Cal.Rptr.2d 604 (Cal. App. 1997):
[57 Cal.App.4th 1480] As with the law of negligence, the test of natural and probable consequences is an objective one. (People v. Nguyen (1993) 21 Cal.App.4th 518, 531, 26 Cal.Rptr.2d 323.) "[T]he issue does not turn on the defendant's subjective state of mind, but depends upon whether, under all of the circumstances presented, a reasonable person in the defendant's position would have or should have known that the charged offense was a reasonably foreseeable consequence of the act aided and abetted by the defendant." (Id. at p. 531, 26 Cal.Rptr.2d 323.)
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