The following excerpt is from Williams v. Borg, 139 F.3d 737 (9th Cir. 1998):
The only test in vogue that has the qualities of a true test--definiteness, concreteness, and ease of application--is that laid down in Attorney General v. Hitchcock: could the fact, as to which the prior self-contradiction is predicated, have been shown in evidence for any purpose independently of the self-contradiction?
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