What is the test for "willfully" using the word "intentionally" in the context of the provisions of the California Civil Code?

MultiRegion, United States of America

The following excerpt is from U.S. v. Gurary, 860 F.2d 521 (2nd Cir. 1988):

In the context of this statute, "willfully" means an intentional violation of a known legal duty. See, e.g., United States v. Bishop, 412 U.S. 346, 93 S.Ct. 2008, 36 L.Ed.2d 941 (1973); United States v. Pomponio, 429 U.S. 10, 97 S.Ct. 22, 50 L.Ed.2d 12 (1976).

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