What is the test for "well-founded fear" of persecution in an asylum application?

MultiRegion, United States of America

The following excerpt is from Xu v. Sessions, 16-412 NAC (2nd Cir. 2018):

277, 284 (2d Cir. 2009) (internal quotation marks omitted); see also 8 U.S.C. 1101(a)(42); 8 C.F.R. 1208.13(b)(2). "An asylum applicant can show a well-founded fear of future persecution in two ways: (1) by demonstrating that he or she 'would be singled out individually for persecution' if returned, or (2) by proving the existence of a 'pattern or practice in [the] . . . country of nationality . . . of persecution of a group of persons similarly situated to the applicant' and establishing his or her 'own inclusion in, and identification with, such group.'" Y.C. v. Holder, 741 F.3d 324, 332 (2d Cir. 2013) (quoting 8 C.F.R. 1208.13(b)(2)(iii)). To do this, "an alien must make some showing that authorities in [her] country of nationality are either aware of [her] activities or likely to become aware of [her] activities." Hongsheng Leng v. Mukasey, 528 F.3d 135, 143 (2d Cir. 2008).

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