California, United States of America
The following excerpt is from People v. Gonzalez, B279408 (Cal. App. 2018):
To ensure a knowing and voluntary waiver of counsel, the court should make advisements: "(1) ensuring the defendant's awareness of the ' "dangers and disadvantages" ' associated with self-representation; (2) inquiring into the defendant's intellectual capacity; and (3) informing the defendant that he or she cannot later claim inadequacy of representation." (People v. Daniels, supra, 3 Cal.5th at p. 978.)
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