California, United States of America
The following excerpt is from People v. Liddell, B292304 (Cal. App. 2019):
favorable to the prosecution, any rational trier of fact could have found the essential elements of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt." ' [Citation.] 'Substantial evidence' is evidence which is ' "reasonable in nature, credible, and of solid value." ' [Citation.]" (People v. Morgan (2007) 42 Cal.4th 593, 613-614.)
"To prove a defendant guilty of kidnapping, the prosecution must establish that (1) the defendant took, held, or detained another person by using force or by instilling reasonable fear; (2) using that force or fear, the defendant moved the other person, or made the other person move a substantial distance; and (3) the other person did not consent to the movement." (People v. Burney (2009) 47 Cal.4th 203, 232; 207, subd. (a).) "[T]he force used against the victim 'need not be physical. The movement is forcible where it is accomplished through the giving of orders which the victim feels compelled to obey because he or she fears harm or injury from the accused and such apprehension is not unreasonable under the circumstances.' " (People v. Majors (2004) 33 Cal.4th 321, 326-327.)
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