The following excerpt is from Attwood v. Mendocino Coast Dist. Hosp., 886 F.2d 241 (9th Cir. 1989):
We review as a matter of law the question whether the district court must stay or may dismiss an action when it declines to exercise its jurisdiction under Colorado River. Matters of law are reviewed independently. See United States v. McConney, 728 F.2d 1195, 1201 (9th Cir.) (en
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