What is the test for standing to invoke the exclusionary rule in civil deportation proceedings?

Our task then is to examine the function and purpose of civil deportation proceedings to determine whether the use of evidence unlawfully seized is likely to result in the imposition of a criminal sanction upon the victim of an illegal search. See Calandra, 414 U.S. at 348, 94 S.Ct. at 620. See also Stone v. Powell, 428 U.S. 465, 488, 96 S.Ct. 3037, 3049, 49 L.Ed.2d 1067 (1976) (standing to invoke the exclusionary rule has been found to exist only when government attempts to use illegally obtained evidence to incriminate the victim of the illegal search). If so, the need for the deterrent value of the exclusionary rule will be strongest, and concomitantly, the potential deterrent effect of the rule will be substantial. If the civil proceedings will not result in a criminal sanction there will be less necessity for the rule's deterrent effect. Thus, in such circumstances, it is not likely that that rule's remedial objectives will be most effectively served. Consequently, the social costs of extending the rule, including the impact of the rule on the role and function of the proceeding, will take on far greater significance in the balancing process.