The following excerpt is from United States v. Norman, 776 F.3d 67 (2nd Cir. 2015):
we will not substitute our own judgment for the district court's on the question of what is sufficient to meet the [18 U.S.C.] 3553(a) considerations in any particular case. See United States v. Fernandez, 443 F.3d 19, 27 (2d Cir.2006). We will instead set aside a district court's substantive determination only in exceptional cases where the trial court's decision cannot be located within the range of permissible decisions.
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