What is the test for recusal of a judge on a motion alleging bias or partiality?

Ordinarily, the party must allege "facts that fairly support the contention that the judge exhibits bias or prejudice directed toward a party that stems from an extrajudicial source." United States v. Sibla, 624 F.2d 864, 868 (9th Cir. 1980). This "generally requires as the basis for recusal something other than rulings, opinions formed[,] or statements made by the judge during

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the course of the trial." United States v. Holland, 519 F.3d 909, 914-15 (9th Cir. 2008). "[J]udicial rulings alone almost never constitute a valid basis for a bias or partiality motion." Liteky v. United States, 510 U.S. 540, 555 (1994).