What is the test for punitive damages in a civil action brought by a plaintiff in her civil case?

MultiRegion, United States of America

The following excerpt is from Neel v. Cnty. of San Diego, Case No.: 18-CV-1764 W (MSB) (S.D. Cal. 2019):

"[P]unitive damages may be assessed under 42 U.S.C. 1983 when a defendant's conduct is shown to be motivated by evil motive or intent, or if it involves reckless or callous indifference to the federally protected rights of others." Fair Hous. of Marin v. Combs, 285 F.3d 899, 906 (9th Cir. 2002) (citing Smith v. Wade, 461 U.S. 30, 56 (1983)).

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