What is the test for proving unlawful discrimination under Title VII?

Title VII provides that employers may not "discriminate against any individual with respect to his compensation, terms, conditions, or privileges of employment, because of such individual's race, color, religion, sex, or national origin." 42 U.S.C. 2000e-2(a)(1). A plaintiff may prove unlawful discrimination through "direct or circumstantial evidence demonstrating that a discriminatory reason more likely than not motivated" the employer's conduct. McGinest v. GTE Serv. Corp., 360 F.3d 1103, 1122 (9th Cir. 2004).