The following excerpt is from U.S. v. Portillo, 633 F.2d 1313 (9th Cir. 1980):
In reversing the trial court's suppression of this evidence, the appellate court distinguished what it termed "two entirely different doctrines: the issue of probable cause under the criminal law to invade the suspect's privacy, and the question of the reasonableness of a vehicle inspection for observed defects having nothing to do with (criminal activity)." People v. May, 76 Cal.App.3d at 547, 143 Cal.Rptr. at 47.
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