The following excerpt is from Gonzalez v. Hahl, 20-1415-cv (2nd Cir. 2021):
Probable cause "exists when the authorities have knowledge or reasonably trustworthy information sufficient to warrant a person of reasonable caution in the belief that an offense has been committed by the person to be arrested." Id. at 75-76 (internal quotation marks omitted). It "does not require absolute certainty." Id. at 76. Whether probable cause exists is usually a question of law properly determined by a court. Walczyk v. Rio, 496 F.3d 139, 157 (2d Cir.
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