California, United States of America
The following excerpt is from People v. Vartanyan, B240976 (Cal. App. 2013):
(2000) 528 U.S. 110, 114 [145 L.Ed.2d 560, 120 S.Ct. 659].) When a defendant elects to waive the fundamental constitutional rights that accompany a trial by pleading no contest or guilty "the record must reflect that the defendant did so knowingly and voluntarily- -that is, he or she was advised of and elected to refrain from exercising the fundamental rights in question." (People v. Collins (2001) 26 Cal.4th 297, 308.)
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