What is the test for oppressive conduct in a civil-rights case?

Oppressive conduct may also be a proper predicate for punitive damages in a civil-rights case. Dang v. Cross, 422 F.3d 800, 809 (9th Cir. 2005). "An act or omission is oppressive . . . 'if done in a manner which injures or damages or otherwise violates the rights of another person with unnecessary harshness or severity as by misuse or abuse of authority or power or by taking advantage of some weakness or disability or the misfortunes of another person.'" Id. (quoting Fountila v. Carter, 571

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