The following excerpt is from In re Marshall, 600 F.3d 1037 (9th Cir. 2010):
14 Grogan v. Garner, 498 U.S. 279, 290, 111 S.Ct. 654, 112 L.Ed.2d 755 (1991) ("Nondischargeability is a question of federal law independent of the issue of the validity of the underlying claim.").
15 28 U.S.C. 157(b)(2)(B).
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