California, United States of America
The following excerpt is from People v. Medellin, 258 Cal.Rptr.3d 867, 45 Cal.App.5th 519 (Cal. App. 2020):
by evidence of the severity of the victim's physical injury, the resulting pain, or the medical care required to treat or repair the injury." ( Id. at p. 66, 82 Cal.Rptr.3d 373, 190 P.3d 706.) "[S]ome physical pain or damage, such as lacerations, bruises, or abrasions is sufficient ...." ( People v. Washington (2012) 210 Cal.App.4th 1042, 1047, 148 Cal.Rptr.3d 748.)
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