The following excerpt is from Orr v. Cal. Highway Patrol, CIV. NO. 2:14-585 WBS EFB (E.D. Cal. 2015):
intimidation, or coercion" with a right secured by federal or state law. Id. 52.1(a). Section 52.1 was originally adopted in response to a rise in hate crimes, but it is not limited to such crimes, nor does it require plaintiffs to demonstrate discriminatory intent. Venegas v. County of Los Angeles, 32 Cal. 4th 820, 843 (2004) (holding that "plaintiffs need not allege that defendants acted with discriminatory animus or intent, so long as those acts were accompanied by the requisite threats, intimidation, or coercion.").
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