What is the test for "independent review" of the evidence in criminal cases?

California, United States of America


The following excerpt is from People v. Leopard, B269439 (Cal. App. 2017):

Winship (1970) 397 U.S. 358, 364; Jackson v. Virginia (1979) 443 U.S. 307, 316.) This principle is so fundamental to the American system of justice that criminal defendants are always "afforded protection against jury irrationality or error by the independent review of the sufficiency of the evidence undertaken by the trial and appellate courts." (United States v. Powell (1984) 469 U.S. 57, 67.)

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