What is the test for freedom of exercise under the first amendment?

The preeminent claims asserted by plaintiffs arise under the free exercise clause of the first amendment. The free exercise clause protects two types of religious freedom: the freedom to believe and the freedom to act. While the freedom to believe is absolute, the freedom to act is limited. Wisconsin v. Yoder, 406 U.S. 205, 220, 92 S.Ct. 1526, 1535, 32 L.Ed.2d 15 (1972). In other words, even though an action is motivated by religious convictions, it is not thereby immunized from all possible legislative restrictions. Rather, to determine whether such legislation violates the free exercise clause, a careful balancing of the competing religious and legislative interests is required. Id. at 221, 92 S.Ct. at 1536.