What is the test for foreseeability in a medical malpractice case?

Just as important, "the prime concern in every case [is] foreseeability, because that factor is the chief element in determining a defendant's duty to [a] plaintiff." (Newton v. Kaiser Foundation Hospitals (1986) 184 Cal.App.3d 386, 389.) The "determination of foreseeability [is] to be made on a case-by-case basis." (Id. at p. 390.) If considered only in the abstract, "the quest for foreseeability is endless because [it], like light, travels indefinitely in a vacuum." (Id. at p. 391.) Thus, as to foreseeability, "the court's task in determining duty 'is not to decide whether a particular plaintiff's injury was reasonably foreseeable in light of a particular defendant's conduct, but rather to

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