What is the test for exclusion of members of the public from the courtroom during a criminal trial?
California, United States of America
The following excerpt is from Wrather-Alvarez Broadcasting, Inc. v. Hewicker, 147 Cal.App.2d 509, 305 P.2d 236 (Cal. App. 1957):
Kirstowsky v. Superior Court, 143 Cal.App.2d 745, 300 P.2d 163, involved the exclusion of the members of the press and public from the courtroom during a criminal trial. A writ of mandate was employed to test the question. It was there said that under sections 124-125 of the Code of Civil Procedure the sittings of every court of justice shall be public, with certain exceptions noted; that it applied not only to defendant but that it is a matter of public interest and concern; that the people are interested in knowing, and have
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