What is the test for establishing fraud on the court?

As an equitable rule, there is no specific set of facts that a petitioner must show. But in United States v. Estate of Stonehill, 660 F.3d 415, 44344 (9th Cir.2011), we held that fraud on the court must be established by clear and convincing evidence, id. at 443, and outlined some of the relevant considerations for distinguishing fraud on the court from other forms of fraud, id. at 444. Specifically, we do not inquire about prejudice to the party seeking to prove fraud, but rather consider whether the integrity of the judicial process was itself harmed, such that the court cannot perform its regular task of fairly adjudicating disputes. Id. Examples typically involve a scheme by one party to hide a key fact from the court and the opposing party. Id.