California, United States of America
The following excerpt is from People v. Sanchez, H045455 (Cal. App. 2019):
defendant's conduct has such an effect in producing the harm as to lead reasonable men to regard it as a cause.' " ' " (People v. Holmberg (2011) 195 Cal.App.4th 1310, 1321, italics omitted (Holmberg).) " ' "In general, an 'independent' intervening cause will absolve a defendant of criminal liability. [Citation.] However, in order to be 'independent' the intervening cause must be 'unforeseeable . . . an extraordinary and abnormal occurrence, which rises to the level of an exonerating, superseding cause.' [Citation.]" ' " (Jones, at pp. 426-427.)
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