What is the test for establishing a gang's primary activities through the testimony of a police gang expert?
California, United States of America
The following excerpt is from People v. Alvarado, B250367 (Cal. App. 2015):
The prosecution may establish a gang's primary activities through the testimony of a police gang expert, where that expert testifies with the proper foundation as to his knowledge of the gang's activities. (See People v. Gardeley (1996) 14 Cal.4th 605, 620 [expert based his opinion "on conversations with the defendants and with other [gang] members, his personal investigations of hundreds of crimes committed by gang members, as well as information from his colleagues and various law enforcement agencies"].)
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