What is the test for establishing a founded suspicion that the driver of a vehicle was involved in criminal activity?

MultiRegion, United States of America

The following excerpt is from U.S. v. Fernando G., 876 F.2d 897 (9th Cir. 1989):

These facts established a founded suspicion that the driver of the vehicle was involved in criminal activity. In United States v. Munoz, 604 F.2d 1160, 1161 (9th Cir.1979), the officers saw two cars traveling in tandem. After the first car stopped, the officers observed that it contained illegal aliens. We held in Munoz that these facts demonstrated a founded suspicion that the second car was involved in criminal activity. Id.

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