The following excerpt is from United States v. Obendorf, 894 F.3d 1094 (9th Cir. 2018):
This instruction tasked the government with disproving an exception that did not apply in the first place. Consequently, we conclude that any error in the jury instructions was harmless beyond a reasonable doubt. See United States v. Pheaster , 544 F.2d 353, 362 n.3 (9th Cir. 1976) (finding harmless error where "[t]he instructions placed a heavier burden on the government than was proper" and "the defendants were convicted under [the] heavier standard").
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