California, United States of America
The following excerpt is from Fraijo v. Superior Court, 109 Cal.Rptr. 909, 34 Cal.App.3d 222 (Cal. App. 1973):
This principle is repeated in United States v. Grinnell Corp., 384 U.S. 563, 583, 86 S.Ct. 1698, 16 L.Ed.2d 778, where it is stated: 'The alleged bias and prejudice to be disqualifying must stem from an extrajudicial source and result in an opinion on the merits on some basis other than what the judge learned from his participation in the case.'
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