The following excerpt is from Hahn v. New York, 19-3690-cv (2nd Cir. 2020):
Finally, while a district court should not ordinarily dismiss a pro se complaint without granting leave to amend, it may do so when, as here, amendment would be futile. See Cuoco v. Moritsugu, 222 F.3d 99, 112 (2d Cir. 2000).
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