What is the test for determining whether "punishment" is legitimate governmental conduct?

MultiRegion, United States of America

The following excerpt is from Soto v. City of Sacramento, 567 F. Supp. 662 (E.D. Cal. 1983):

While the test for distinguishing "punishment" from legitimate governmental conduct may be "impossible to compress ... into a sentence," Bell v. Wolfish, 441 U.S. at 537, 101 S.Ct. at 1913, one traditional method of determining one from the other has been described as:

[567 F. Supp. 673]

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