What is the test for determining whether an incident involving a police officer is a result of official policy?

MultiRegion, United States of America

The following excerpt is from Foy v. Vallejo Police Dep't, No. 2:11-cv-3262-MCE-CMK-P (E.D. Cal. 2015):

by a police officer cannot, without more, be thought to result from official policy." City of St. Louis v. Praprotnik, 485 U.S. 112, 123 (1988) (citing City of Oklahoma City v. Tuttle, 471 U.S. 808, 821 (1985)).

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