What is the test for determining whether an error in judgment is structural and requires reversal?
California, United States of America
The following excerpt is from People v. Ramirez, A148437 (Cal. App. 2017):
Appellant argues any error is structural and requires reversal. We disagree. " 'Under the federal Constitution, error pertaining to a defendant's presence is evaluated under the harmless-beyond-a-reasonable-doubt standard set forth in Chapman v. California (1967) 386 U.S. 18, 23.' " (Mendoza, supra, 62 Cal.4th at p. 902 [rejecting
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