The following excerpt is from United States v. Gallegos-Aparicio, Case No.: 19-CR-2637-GPC (S.D. Cal. 2020):
Rogers v. Lodge, 458 U.S. 613, 624-25 (1982) (considering past laws intended to disenfranchise black people as evidence of intent that at-large election system was adopted with a discriminatory purpose); Democratic Nat'l Comm. v. Hobbs, 948 F.3d 989, 1039 (9th Cir. 2020) (looking to legislature's "long history of race-based discrimination, disenfranchisement, and voter suppression" in determining law passed in 2016 was motivated by a discriminatory purpose).
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