California, United States of America
The following excerpt is from People v. Flood, 18 Cal.4th 470, 76 Cal.Rptr.2d 180, 957 P.2d 869 (Cal. 1998):
Put differently, the first question is "whether the jury's verdict ... rest [ed] on that evidence as well as on the presumption[ ]...." (Yates v. Evatt, supra, 500 U.S. at p. 407, 111 S.Ct. 1884.)
The second question is "whether that evidence was of such compelling force as to show beyond a reasonable doubt that the presumption[ ] must have made no difference in reaching the verdict obtained"--in other words, whether the evidence of the presumed fact made the presumption superfluous. (Yates v. Evatt, supra, 500 U.S. at p. 407, 111 S.Ct. 1884.)
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