What is the test for determining whether a federal district court has jurisdiction to hear a class action brought by a union representing unionized workers?

This contention seriously misapprehends the basis of the district court's jurisdiction, which was premised upon 29 U.S.C. 185(a) (1988). Section 185(a) explicitly vests district courts with jurisdiction over "[s]uits for violation of contracts between ... labor organization[s] representing employees in an industry affecting commerce." See Wooddell v. International Bhd. of Elec. Workers, Local 71, --- U.S. ----, ----, 112 S.Ct. 494, 496, 116 L.Ed.2d 419 (1991). The district court's subject matter jurisdiction rested squarely on that statutory foundation. It was not limited by the court's discretionary determinations initially to defer to the established administrative mechanisms, and subsequently to act in lieu of them on a case-by-case basis.