What is the test for determining whether a defendant's outrageous conduct caused emotional distress?
MultiRegion, United States of America
The following excerpt is from Pennings v. Barrera, Case No.: 16cv582-JLS (MDD) (S.D. Cal. 2017):
the intention of causing, or reckless disregard of the probability of causing, emotional distress; (2) the plaintiff's suffering severe or extreme emotional distress; and (3) actual and proximate causation of the emotional distress by the defendant's outrageous conduct." Doe v. Gangland Prods., 730 F.3d 946, 960 (9th Cir. 2013) (quoting Davidson v. City of Westminster, 32 Cal. 3d 197, 209 (1982)).
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