California, United States of America
The following excerpt is from Early v. Owings, E060918 (Cal. App. 2015):
In step one, "[o]ur focus is on the principal thrust or gravamen of the causes of action, i.e., the allegedly wrongful and injury-producing conduct that provides the foundation for the claims," and whether defendant has demonstrated that the conduct falls under one of the protected activities enumerated in section 425.16, subdivision (e). (Castleman v. Sagaser (2013) 216 Cal.App.4th 481, 490-491; see City of Cotati v.
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