What is the test for determining whether a custom or policy is a "moving force behind" the violation of a plaintiff's constitutional rights?
MultiRegion, United States of America
The following excerpt is from Patterson v. Kern Cnty. Sheriff's Office, CASE NO. 1:12-CV-0132-MJS (PC) (E.D. Cal. 2012):
the moving force behind" the violation of plaintiff's constitutional rights. Long v. County of Los Angeles, 442 F.3d 1178, 1186 (9th Cir. 2006). For a custom or policy to be the moving force behind the constitutional violation, it must be "closely related to the ultimate injury." Long, 442 F.3d at 1190.
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