What is the test for determining that a constitutional error was harmless beyond a reasonable doubt?
MultiRegion, United States of America
The following excerpt is from Gray v. Ellsworth, 438 F.2d 130 (9th Cir. 1971):
We are satisfied from a reading of the trial record that the constitutional error was harmless beyond a reasonable doubt. Chapman v. California, 386 U.S. 18, 87 S.Ct. 824, 17 L.Ed.2d 705 (1967); Gilbert v. California, 388 U.S. 263, 272, 87 S.Ct. 1951, 18 L.Ed.2d 1178 (1967).
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