What is the test for deliberate and premeditated first degree murder?
California, United States of America
The following excerpt is from People v. Cruz, B275506 (Cal. App. 2018):
"A verdict of deliberate and premeditated first degree murder requires more than a showing of intent to kill." (People v. Koontz (2002) 27 Cal.4th 1041, 1080, citing Penal Code section 189.) "To prove [a] killing was 'deliberate and premeditated,' it shall not be necessary to prove the defendant maturely and meaningfully reflected upon the gravity of his or her act." (Penal Code section 189.) " 'Deliberation' refers to careful weighing of considerations in forming a course of action; 'premeditation'
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