The following excerpt is from Steinle v. City of S.F., No. 17-16283 (9th Cir. 2019):
under the incorporation by reference doctrine. This doctrine permits a court to consider a document "if the plaintiff refers extensively to the document or the document forms the basis of the plaintiff's claim." United States v. Ritchie, 342 F.3d 903, 908 (9th Cir. 2003).
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