California, United States of America
The following excerpt is from People v. Vessell, 275 Cal.App.2d 1012, 80 Cal.Rptr. 617 (Cal. App. 1969):
'The phrase 'clear and convincing' evidence has been defined as 'clear, explicit, and unequivocal', 'so clear as to leave no substantial doubt', and 'sufficiently strong to [275 Cal.App.2d 1019] demand the unhesitating assent of every reasonable mind'.' (In re Jost, 117 Cal.App.2d 379, 383, 256 P.2d 71, 74; People v. Caruso, Supra, 68 Cal.2d at 190, 65 Cal.Rptr. 336, 436 P.2d 336.) The prosecution had the burden of producing through the victims the requisite level of proof. This was accomplished outside of the presence of the jury.
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