What is the test for claiming medical care against an individual defendant under the Fourteenth Amendment?

MultiRegion, United States of America

The following excerpt is from B.T.H. v. Cnty. of Modoc, No. 2:20-cv-00566-JAM-DMC (E.D. Cal. 2020):

In asserting a medical care claim against an individual defendant under the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, a pretrial detainee must allege: (1) the defendant made an intentional decision with respect to the conditions under which plaintiff was confined; (2) the conditions put the plaintiff at substantial risk of suffering serious harm; (3) the defendant did not take reasonable available measures to abate that risk, even though a reasonable official in the circumstances would have appreciated the high degree of risk involved-making the consequences of the defendant's conduct obvious; and (4) by not taking such measures, the defendant caused the plaintiff's injuries. Gordon v. City of Orange, 888 F.3d 1118, 1125 (9th Cir. 2018).

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