What is the test for civil action under Section 1983 of the Civil Rights Act?

While Section 1983 is not itself a source of substantive rights, it provides a cause of action against any person who, under color of law, deprives an individual of federal constitutional rights or limited federal statutory rights. 42 U.S.C. 1983; Graham v. Connor, 490 U.S. 386, 393-94 (1989). The term "person" encompasses state and local officials sued in their individual capacities, private individuals, and entities which act under the color of state law and local governmental

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