The following excerpt is from United States v. Cate, 971 F.3d 1054 (9th Cir. 2020):
In United States v. Simmons , 812 F.2d 561 (9th Cir. 1987), the defendant challenged the revocation of his probation, as well as the guilty plea that led to probation. Explaining that the underlying conviction "may be collaterally attacked only in a separate proceeding under 28 U.S.C. 2255, and a court should consider the
[971 F.3d 1058]
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