What is the test for assisting and abetting the commission of a crime?
California, United States of America
The following excerpt is from People v. Rowley, E063254 (Cal. App. 2016):
Aiding and abetting the commission of a crime renders one a principal in the crime. (People v. McCoy (2001) 25 Cal.4th 1111, 1116-1117; 31.) "[A] person aids and abets the commission of a crime when he or she, acting with (1) knowledge of the unlawful purpose of the perpetrator; and [with] (2) the intent or purpose of committing,
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encouraging, or facilitating the commission of the offense, (3) by act or advice aids, promotes, encourages or instigates, the commission of the crime." (People v. Beeman (1984) 35 Cal.3d 547, 561.)
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