California, United States of America
The following excerpt is from People v. Yang, F067353 (Cal. App. 2015):
Code, 600, subd. (b).) It is not permissible to base an inference on mere suspicion, imagination, speculation, conjecture or guess work. (People v. Davis (2013) 57 Cal.4th 353, 360.) A factual finding may be an inference drawn from the evidence but it cannot be based on "'"mere speculation as to probabilities without evidence." [Citation.]' [Citations.]" (Ibid.)
"An assault is an unlawful attempt, coupled with a present ability, to commit a violent injury on the person of another." ( 240.) An assault with a deadly weapon upon a peace officer occurs when a person commits "assault" upon a peace officer "with a semiautomatic firearm and who knows or reasonably should know that the victim is a peace officer ... engaged in the performance of his or her duties, when the peace officer ... is engaged in the performance of his or her duties, ...." ( 245, subd. (d)(2).) "'Assault and assault with a deadly weapon are general intent crimes.'" (People v. Valdez (2002) 27 Cal.4th 778, 787.)
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