What is the test for an aider and abettor to be convicted of a criminal offence?
California, United States of America
The following excerpt is from People v. Yoder, E066289 (Cal. App. 2018):
volitional acts with knowledge of their probable consequences. [] Thus . . . the weight of authority and sound law requires proof that an aider and abettor act with knowledge of the criminal purpose of the perpetrator and with an intent or purpose either of committing, or of encouraging or facilitating commission of, the offense." (People v. Beeman (1984) 35 Cal.3d 547, 560.)
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