California, United States of America
The following excerpt is from People v. Sandoval, 105 Cal.Rptr.2d 504, 87 Cal.App.4th 1425 (Cal. App. 2001):
"The right to confrontation is basically a trial right. It includes both the opportunity to cross-examine and the occasion for the jury to weigh the demeanor of the witness. A preliminary hearing is ordinarily a much less searching exploration into the merits of a case than a trial, simply because its function is the more limited one of determining whether probable cause exists to hold the accused for trial." (Barber v. Page, supra, 390 U.S. at p. 725.)
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